Ikebana with a samurai swagger

Japanese designer Tetsunori Kawana travels across artistic disciplines as easily as he does the borders of countries. His work embraces flower arranging, sculpture, stage design, and installation art, using natural materials in unexpected ways.

Mr. Kawana stands on the shoulders of past innovative masters of ikebana, the traditional Japanese art of arranging flowers, and he has carved a niche for himself as a sought-after designer, lecturer, and teacher. Television viewers of the 1994 Olympic Winter Games in Lillehammer, Norway, saw his staging for Japan's segment of the closing ceremonies that looked ahead to Nagano, Japan, as the 1998 winter Olympic site.

In 2006, he designed a temple-like space of soaring bamboo poles outside Moscow's National Museum of Russian Fine Art. Next month, Kawana will build another bamboo structure as part of the Japanese chrysanthemum festival at the New York Botanical Garden, where he teaches several classes each year.

"He has a powerful, unique voice," says Peter Grilli, president of the Japan Society of Boston. "The moment you say 'flower arranging,' people think small-scale and decorative. But he thinks of flowers as sculptural instruments; he's thinking on a different scale."

Ikebana today is taught as a domestic art, although it comes down through centuries of Japanese culture as the prerogative of Buddhist monks and sword-wielding samurai. To call it "flower arranging" is a bit of a misnomer, as ikebana teaches appreciation for all parts of a plant and every stage of its life, from early budding to withered stem. Ikebana is practiced as a spiritual philosophy, a way of understanding nature without copying it.

"Natural materials already exist perfectly. I'm just the actor upon them," says Kawana in a phone interview. "I respect and cherish the materials, but I also challenge them. Otherwise, it wouldn't be worth it to move them."

An installation Kawana composed for the 2005 New England Spring Flower Show, for which he was awarded a blue ribbon, offers an example of this philosophy. In the cavernous space of the Bayside Expo Center, a halo of bare tree limbs, suspended by cables from the ceiling, hovered over a 20-foot-long arrangement of driftwood and branches of camellia, forsythia, and flowering quince. The heavy limbs overhead gave a feeling of precariousness that was offset by the calmly balanced flowering branches below. Using the principles of ikebana, Kawana demonstrated the natural cycle of seasonal change, while conveying a poetic message: The specter of winter hangs over the emerging springtime.

Life and beauty are transitory, Kawana says. His work serves to concentrate that life and beauty in an ikebana arrangement or installation, but "it is for that time and place only," he says. As a result, the artist's work survives largely in photographs or in the memories of his audience, a fact that seems entirely appropriate to him.

In teaching, Kawana tells his students to choose their material not only by the outer appearance of the plant but also by its inner life, the "energy" it emits. He considers cut flowers and branches as living forms. Any arranger who discerns the plant's energy and growth pattern will be guided in using the flower or branch effectively, he says.

One might think this subtlety would be lost on beginning students, but not so, says Penny Resnick of New Rochelle, N.Y., who took her first two-day workshop with Kawana at the New York Botanical Garden recently. "He taught us how to see these plants as living things. By snipping one branch or leaf, you were into a whole new thing."

Mr. Grilli of the Japan Society says that traditional ikebana schools turn out many excellent practitioners of the art, but arrangements are often derivative of the teacher's work. The rare, sensitive master of ikebana, such as Kawana, is able to transcend the rules and take the art into a different realm.

In this arena, flowers are incidental to the overall design. "A flower is beautiful, but I don't need a sentimental approach," the Japanese artist says. "I welcome flowers, but I'm looking at what beauty really is."

Part of Kawana's uniqueness, says Grilli, is his work in stage design. This gives him a keen awareness of what lies in the background, like subtext in a piece of writing or a painting. Kawana worked with film and opera director Hiroshi Teshigahara on a production of "Turandot" for France's Lyon Opera in 1992. "His mind was so wide," Kawana says of his mentor, Teshigahara, who also led one of Japan's foremost ikebana schools until his passing in 2001.

Although Kawana is deeply grounded in a Japanese sensibility, he is not trapped by it. He says he expects people studying ikebana in other countries to not simply imitate the Japanese style but develop an approach that reflects their own culture.

Kawana's artistic interests are wide-ranging. He finds inspiration in the work of Western contemporary artists such as Andy Goldsworthy, Frank Stella, and especially sculptor Richard Serra. He points to the extraordinary power of Mr. Serra's walk-through metal structures, which were displayed recently at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. It's hard to imagine a man of nature finding transcendence in monolithic slabs of steel, but Serra's pieces appealed to Kawana because, like ikebana, they showed the effects of time (in this case, the rusting of metal). The Japanese artist also says Serra's work inspires him to want to build large installations that engage all five of the senses.

Regardless of scale, Kawana's designs restore a samurai-like muscularity to the delicacy of ikebana, giving the traditional art a powerful boost into the 21st century.

• Tetsunori Kawana's next installation can be viewed at the New York Botanical Garden during the exhibition, "Kiku: The Art of the Japanese Chrysanthemum," Oct. 20 to Nov. 18. Visit www.nybg.org for more information. Or visit Kawana's website: www.kawana-tetsunori.com

Ikebana: The pastime of monks and shoguns regains popularity

Ikebana in Japanese can be translated as "living flowers." Its origins hark back to the altar displays in Buddhist temples of centuries past: Scroll paintings from as early as AD 800 illustrate the use of flowers placed ceremoniously next to statues of Buddha. The first book on the subject was written in 1445, according to scholars.

The art of ikebana blossomed alongside the tea ceremony and other rituals promoted by Shogun Yoshimasa Ashikaga, a great patron of the arts in the late 15th century. Dozens of formal ikebana styles developed, each with its own set of rules. Flowers also became endowed with specific meaning. For example, the chrysanthemum is considered a symbol of immortality, while bamboo represents endurance.

As the practice of creating floral displays eventually trickled down to average Japanese homes, a dedicated space such as an alcove or niche, called the tokonoma, was used to display the family's hanging scroll, incense burner, statue of Buddha, and a flower arrangement.

Western-style flower arrangements typically emphasize masses of colorful blooms at their peak, but with ikebana, all kinds of natural objects at any stage of growth can be used in a composition: seedpods, fruit, dried stems, moss, vines, and flowering branches, as well as half-open blooms.

In ikebana, the structural elements are primary. As is true of sculpture, "empty" space is as important to the design as the space occupied by flowers.

Today, ikebana is seeing a surge in interest that parallels the popularity of gardening in many countries. Ikebana International, a nonprofit group in Japan dedicated to spreading the art, claims 165 chapters in 60 countries, with 30 states in the US having at least one chapter.

Probably the most popular school of ikebana is Sogetsu, which was founded in 1926 by Sofu Teshigahara and headed by succeeding members of his family.

While still grounded in classical ikebana, this style is more freewheeling and experimental, allowing it to dovetail more easily with contemporary art.

Sogetsu's flexibility gave rise to the ikebana-based sculptures begun by Teshigahara and continued by Tetsunori Kawana, an installation artist and master teacher of Sogetsu ikebana.