Medicare pay: Congress works to restore funds it once cut

Medicare pay for doctors was supposed to be cut to fund health reform. Now, Congress is trying to do the opposite.

When Democrats passed President Barack Obama's health care overhaul, they used Medicare cuts to pay much of the cost of providing insurance to millions who lack coverage.

Now, lawmakers are reversing the money flow as they scramble to stave off a scheduled 25 percent cut in Medicare pay for doctors on Jan. 1. They've tapped financing for the health care overhaul to keep Medicare from breaking down.

The deal announced by Senate leaders of both parties has Obama's support and appears poised for quick approval by Congress. The $19 billion to pay doctors at current rates for another year will come mostly from tightening the rules on tax credits in the health care law that make premiums more affordable.

It might seem like the proverbial robbing Peter to pay Paul, with a game of budget tag thrown in.

As bewildering as it sounds, the maneuver shows how federal health care funding is increasingly connected — even among programs serving different constituencies. Just last week, Obama's deficit commission called for a single government health care budget, a step to getting costs under control.

"Health care spending is a significant part of the federal budget," said Alex Vachon, a health policy consultant who formerly served as a Senate GOP aide. "So if they are going to go looking for health care money, they're going to want to get it from another health care program."

The move also indicates there could be billions more to be squeezed from such tweaks to the health care law.

Under the overhaul, millions of workers and their families will be eligible for tax credits to help pay insurance premiums. Those subsidies can add up to thousands of dollars per household, available up front each year starting in 2014. The aid is based on income, and people who make less will receive more.

But what if somebody gets a raise, a bonus or a higher paying job later in the year — and they keep quiet about it?

If the government finds out, the law as originally passed said individuals would have to pay back up to $250, and families up to $400.

The latest deal would replace that formula with a sliding scale. That means households with higher incomes would have to pay back a bigger chunk of their tax credit, subject to a limit.

The change shouldn't significantly affect how many people seek tax credits to buy a policy through new health insurance markets, a congressional aide familiar with the details said. Starting in 2014, most Americans will be required to carry coverage and insurance companies will no longer be able to turn away those in poor health, or charge them more.

For Medicare, the agreement by Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid of Nevada, Republican leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, and other senior senators is likely to only buy time.

The doctor cuts are the result of a 1990s budget-balancing law that tried, but failed, to keep Medicare spending in line through automatic reductions. Congress repeatedly stepped in to waive the cuts.

This time, with medical groups estimating that as many as two-thirds of doctors would stop taking new Medicare patients, lawmakers faced tremendous pressure. Health care for military service members, their families and retirees was also in jeopardy, since Tricare payments are tied to Medicare's.

Congress will use the 12-month reprieve to try to come up with a new way of paying doctors that rewards quality care instead of sheer numbers of tests and procedures. If lawmakers fail, they'll be back again next year around the holidays looking for another pot of money to avoid an even bigger cut. They may have to rob Paul to pay Peter.