Why have 121,000 antelopes in Kazakhstan suddenly dropped dead?

Just three weeks ago, there were thought to be about 300,000 saiga roaming the Kazakh steppes. Now, nearly 121,000 carcasses have been discovered. 

International experts are investigating the sudden deaths of more than 100,000 endangered saiga antelope in Kazakhstan, officials said Wednesday, raising fears that a species that has been around since the Ice Age may be at risk of dying out.

Around 40 percent of the Central Asian nation's population of the endangered saiga antelope have died in the past two weeks. Animal health experts suspect a respiratory disease may be to blame.

Kazakhstan, the world's ninth-largest country by area, is home to around 90 percent of the world's population of the saiga, recognizable by their lyre-shaped horns and bulbous nose.

"The death of the saiga antelope is a huge tragedy," said zoology scientist Bibigul Sarsenova. "Should this happen again next year, they may simply disappear."

The International Union for Conservation of Nature, a global coalition of governments and environmental organizations, says the saiga antelope is a "critically endangered" species.

An estimated 300,000 saiga roamed across the Kazakh steppes on May 11, when the first dead antelope was discovered. By May 27, nearly 121,000 carcasses had been found in three huge areas of their usual habitat, Agriculture Ministry officials said.

"We believe the cause of the deaths is pasteurellosis," Yerzhan Madiyev, deputy head of the ministry's veterinary committee, told a news conference.

Pasteurellosis is a bacterial disease thought to infect humans and cattle, rabbits, cats and dogs. Its bacteria occur naturally in the upper respiratory tract, but experts say it could be harmful to those with compromised immune systems.

Kazakh scientists are testing soil, air and water to try to solve the mystery of the mass deaths, said Bagdat Azbayev, chairman of the Agriculture Ministry's forestry and wildlife committee.

Experts from Britain, Germany and the World Organization for Animal Health have come to help Kazakh scientists investigate, he said.

Huge herds of saiga once roamed the earth alongside the wooly mammoth and the saber-toothed tiger. The mammoth and tigers died out, but the saiga became prized for its delicious meat, which resembles succulent lamb.

There were more than 1 million saiga in the 1990s, but by 2003 poaching and disease slashed their numbers in Kazakhstan to 21,000, Azbayev said.

Two years later, the government adopted a plan to protect them and numbers rebounded.

Much smaller saiga herds live in Russia and Mongolia.

In neighboring China, demand for the male antelopes' horns led to the complete extinction of the species decades ago.

(Reporting by Raushan Nurshayeva; Writing by Dmitry Solovyov; Editing by Katharine Houreld)