NASA spacecraft on way to asteroid to bring back samples

The 4 billion-mile mission, ending in 2023, could help us learn about the origins of the solar system and protect the planet from future collisions with space rocks.

Science Notebook

The first NASA explorer of its kind took off on a seven-year quest Thursday, chasing after a big, black, unexplored asteroid to gather a few handfuls of gravel for return to Earth.

These bite-size bits of ancient space rock from asteroid Bennu could hold clues to the origin of life, not just on our planet but potentially elsewhere in the solar system.

Thousands gathered to witness the evening launch of Osiris-Rex, a robotic hunter that looks something like a bird with its solar wings. The spacecraft took flight atop an Atlas V rocket, which soared a little before sunset on the mission, a U.S. first.

"Here we go!" principal scientist Dante Lauretta of the University of Arizona at Tucson, said via Twitter at liftoff.

Round trip, the SUV-sized spacecraft will travel more than 4 billion miles (6 ½ billion kilometers) by mission's end in 2023.

It will take two years for Osiris-Rex to reach Bennu (BEHN'-oo), which is circling the sun in a slightly wider orbit than Earth's. The boxy spacecraft will actually go into orbit around the asteroid, seeking out the best spot before going in for a quick bite.

NASA has gone after comet dust and solar wind particles before, but never anything from an asteroid. It promises to be the biggest cosmic haul since the Apollo moon rocks.

The roundish rock — an estimated 1,600-plus feet (500 meters) across and taller than the Empire State Building — is believed to harbor carbon dating back 4.5 billion years, to the beginning of our solar system. That makes it a time capsule and a scientific prize.

"We will make discoveries on this mission that we have not anticipated. It's exciting!" said Bill Nye, "The Science Guy," chief executive officer of the Planetary Society.

The launch came 50 years to the day that the first "Star Trek" episode aired on TV. NASA launch commentator Mike Curie, referenced the anniversary, urging the spacecraft at liftoff "to boldly go" to the asteroid and back.

Osiris-Rex may lead to asteroid-mining missions, according to scientists, and could help protect the planet one day from menacing space rocks.

Japan already has visited an asteroid and returned some specks (the mission didn't go quite as planned), and is chasing another space rock for even more samples. Osiris-Rex's bounty, however, should surpass that; Lauretta and his team want at least 60 grams of dust and gravel, or 2 ounces' worth when the big day comes in 2020. Ground tests have yielded eight times that in a single scoop, so hopes are high for four to five handfuls.

Osiris-Rex will hover like a hummingbird over Bennu, according to Lauretta, as the spacecraft's 10-foot (3-meter) mechanical arm touches down like a pogo stick on the surface for three to five seconds. Thrusters will shoot out nitrogen gas to stir up the surface, and the loose particles will be sucked up into the device. Spacecraft managers call it "the gentle high five." They get just three shots at this, before the nitrogen gas runs out and the effort abandoned.

The team opted for this touch-and-go procedure instead of landing to increase the odds of success. Despite extensive observations of Bennu from ground and space telescopes, no one knows exactly what to expect there, and it could be difficult if not impossible to anchor a spacecraft on the surface, Lauretta said.

Osiris-Rex's freed sample container — the same kind used for the comet-dust retrieval — will parachute down with the asteroid treasure in Utah. The mother spacecraft, meanwhile, will continue its orbit of the sun.

Among the 8,000 NASA guests invited to the launch was the schoolboy who came up with the asteroid's name for a contest.

Twelve-year-old Mike Puzio of Greensboro, North Carolina, couldn't wait to see his first up-close rocket launch: "Pretty excited about it."

"He's talked about it for weeks," added Dr. Larry Puzio, his pediatrician dad.

The name Bennu comes from the heron of Egyptian mythology. Mike thought Osiris-Rex looked like a bird, with its twin solar wings and long arm outstretched for a sample grab. And with the spacecraft named after the Egyptian god Osiris, Bennu was an obvious choice, he said.

Osiris-Rex is also a NASA acronym for origins, spectral interpretation, resource identification, security-regolith explorer. The estimated cost of the mission is more than $800 million.

"Space exploration brings out the best in us," Mr. Nye said shortly before Osiris-Rex began its journey. "It is an extraordinary use of our intellect and treasure to elevate humankind, to help us know our place in the cosmos."

It may also one day save the home planet.

Bennu swings by Earth every six years, and 150 years from now, could hit us. The odds are less than one-tenth of 1 percent, according to Mr. Lauretta. While this particular rock won't destroy Earth — just carve out a huge crater — other asteroids could cause more trouble.

Osiris-Rex will help scientists better understand the ever-changing paths of asteroids, and that could prove its biggest payoff.

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AP videojournalist Alex Sanz contributed to this report.