Another first: A Black general could lead the Pentagon

President-elect Joe Biden is expected to pick retired general Lloyd Austin for secretary of defense, making him the first Black leader of the Pentagon if confirmed by the Senate. But his appointment faces opposition as the role is traditionally meant for civilians.

First Look

President-elect Joe Biden will nominate retired four-star Army general Lloyd J. Austin to be secretary of defense, according to four
people familiar with the decision. If confirmed by the Senate, Mr. Austin would be the first Black leader of the Pentagon.

Mr. Biden selected Mr. Austin over the longtime front-runner candidate, Michele Flournoy, a former senior Pentagon official and Biden supporter who would have been the first woman to serve as defense secretary. Mr. Biden also had considered Jeh Johnson, a former Pentagon general counsel and former secretary of homeland defense.

The impending nomination of Mr. Austin was confirmed by four people with knowledge of the pick who spoke to The Associated Press on the condition of anonymity because the selection hadn’t been formally announced. Mr. Biden offered and Mr. Austin accepted on Sunday, according to a person familiar with the process.

As a career military officer, Mr. Austin is likely to face opposition from some in Congress and in the defense establishment who believe in drawing a clear line between civilian and military leadership of the Pentagon. Although many previous defense secretaries have served briefly in the military, only two – George C. Marshall and James Mattis – have been career officers. Mr. Marshall also served as secretary of state.

Like Mr. Mattis, Mr. Austin would need to obtain a congressional waiver to serve as defense secretary. Congress intended civilian control of the military when it created the position of secretary of defense in 1947 and prohibited a recently retired military officer from holding the position.

One of the people who confirmed the pick said Mr. Austin’s selection was about choosing the best possible person but acknowledged that pressure had built to name a candidate of color and that Mr. Austin’s stock had risen in recent days.

Mr. Austin is a 1975 graduate of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point and served 41 years in uniform.

Mr. Biden has known Mr. Austin at least since the general’s years leading United States and coalition troops in Iraq while Mr. Biden was vice president. Mr. Austin was commander in Baghdad of the Multinational Corps-Iraq in 2008 when Barack Obama was elected president, and he returned to lead U.S. troops from 2010 through 2011.

Among Mr. Austin’s wide range of military assignments, in 2009-2010 he ran the joint staff during a portion of Navy Adm. Mike Mullen’s term as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Mr. Mullen had high praise for Austin.

“Should President-elect Biden tap him for the job, Lloyd will make a superb secretary of defense,” Mr. Mullen said in a statement late Monday night. “He knows firsthand the complex missions our men and women in uniform conduct around the world. He puts a premium on alliances and partnerships. He respects the need for robust and healthy civil-military relations. And he leads inclusively, calmly and confidently.”

Mr. Austin also served in 2012 as the first Black vice chief of staff of the Army, the service’s No. 2-ranking position. A year later he assumed command of U.S. Central Command, where he fashioned and began implementing a U.S. military strategy for rolling back the Islamic State militants in Iraq and Syria.

Mr. Austin retired from the Army in 2016, and he would need a congressional waiver of the legal requirement that a former member of the military be out of uniform at least seven years before serving as secretary of defense. That waiver has been granted only twice – most recently in the case of Mr. Mattis, the retired Marine general who served as President Donald Trump’s first Pentagon chief.

The Mattis period at the Pentagon is now viewed by some as evidence of why a recently retired military officer should serve as defense secretary only in rare exceptions. Although Mr. Mattis remains widely respected for his military prowess and intellect, critics say he tended to surround himself with military officers at the expense of a broader civilian perspective. He resigned in December 2018 in protest of Mr. Trump’s policies.

Loren DeJonge Schulman, who spent 10 years in senior staff positions at the Pentagon and the National Security Council, said she understands why Mr. Biden would seek out candidates with a deep understanding of the military. However, she worries that appointing a general to a political role could prolong some of the damage caused by Mr. Trump’s politicization of the military.

“But retired generals are not one-for-one substitutes of civilian leaders,” she said. “General officers bring different skills and different perspectives, and great generals do not universally make good appointees.”

Mr. Austin has a reputation for strong leadership, integrity, and a sharp intellect. He would not be a prototypical defense secretary, not just because of his 41-year military career but also because he has shied from the public eye. It would be an understatement to say he was a quiet general; although he testified before Congress, he gave few interviews and preferred not to speak publicly about military operations.

When he did speak, Mr. Austin did not mince words. In 2015, in describing how the Islamic State army managed a year earlier to sweep across the Syrian border to grab control of large swaths of northern and western Iraq, Mr. Austin said the majority of Iraqi Sunnis simply refused to fight for their government.

“They allowed – and in some cases facilitated – ISIS’s push through the country,” Mr. Austin said.

He earned the admiration of the Obama administration for his work in Iraq and at Central Command, although he disagreed with Mr. Obama’s decision to pull out of Iraq entirely in December 2011.

Mr. Austin was involved in the Iraq War from start to finish. He served as an assistant commander of the 3rd Infantry Division during the invasion of Iraq in March 2003 and oversaw the withdrawal in 2011. When Mr. Austin retired in 2016, Mr. Obama praised his “character and competence,” as well as his judgment and leadership.

One person familiar with the matter said Mr. Biden was drawn to Mr. Austin’s oversight of the Iraq pull-out, especially given the military’s upcoming role in supporting the distribution of the coronavirus vaccines.

Like many retired generals, Mr. Austin has served on corporate boards. He is a member of the board of directors of Raytheon Technologies.

Word of Mr. Austin’s selection broke a day before a meeting between Mr. Biden and Vice President-elect Kamala Harris and civil rights groups, many of whom had pushed the president-elect to pick more Black Cabinet members.

The Rev. Al Sharpton, the civil rights activist, said Monday: “It’s a good choice that I think many in the civil rights community would support. It’s the first time we have seen a person of color in that position. That means something, in a global view, especially after such an antagonistic relationship we had with the previous administration.”

Mr. Sharpton, who is set to be in the meeting with Mr. Biden on Tuesday, called the choice “a step in the right direction but not the end of the walk.”

Politico first reported Mr. Biden’s selection of Mr. Austin.

This story was reported by The Associated Press. Julie Pace contributed to this report.