China pivots from zero-COVID policies after protests

China is relaxing quarantine measures and easing COVID-19 testing requirements for the first time in three years, according to new rules from the national health authority.

First Look

China on Wednesday announced the most sweeping changes to its resolute anti-COVID-19 regime since the pandemic began three years ago, loosening rules that curbed the spread of the virus but sparked protests and hobbled the world’s second largest economy.

The relaxation of rules, which includes allowing infected people with mild symptoms to quarantine at home and dropping testing for people traveling domestically, is the clearest sign yet Beijing is pivoting away from its zero-COVID-19 policy to let people live with the disease.

But health officials are still warning that they will closely watch trends in deaths and adequacy of medical resources in case a return to tougher measures is needed.

Many of the changes announced by the National Health Commission (NHC) reflected steps already taken in various cities and regions in recent days, following protests against COVID-19 controls that were the biggest demonstration of public discontent since President Xi Jinping came to power in 2012.

Citizens cheered the prospect of a shift that could see China slowly emerging back into the world three years after the virus was first identified in the central city of Wuhan in late 2019.

Wednesday’s announcement soared to the most viewed topic on China’s Weibo platform, with many hoping for normality after policies that have brought mental suffering to tens of millions.

“It’s time for our lives to return to normal, and for China to return to the world,” wrote one Weibo user.

For nearly three years, China has managed COVID-19 as a disease on par with bubonic plague, and as cases spread earlier this year, whole communities were locked down, sometimes for months.

Dozens of people also flocked to the Weibo account of Li Wenliang, a doctor in Wuhan who died in 2020 after sounding an early alarm about COVID-19 and whose last post has been an online haven for those looking to vent about personal woes and public policies.

“Doctor, we’ve made it through, we’re going to be free,” wrote one user. “Daylight is here,” wrote another.

Shanghai was among the first to announce that it would put the new home quarantine guidelines in place and also remove rules on travelers entering the city. The Shanghai Disneyland theme park will reopen for visitors on Thursday.

Some investors also welcomed the shift that could reinvigorate China’s sagging economy and currency and bolster global growth.

“This change of policy is a big step forward,” said Zhiwei Zhang, chief economist at Pinpoint Asset Management. “I expect China will fully reopen its border no later than mid 2023.”

Foreign businesses in China also hope the changes will mark a shift to a broader opening.

“We need the business environment here to return to a level of predictability whereby companies can return to normal operations,” Colm Rafferty, chairman of the American Chamber of Commerce in China, said in a statement.

But NHC spokesperson Mi Feng told a news conference that any changes to measures regarding inbound travel would be “gradual.”

The policy changes were announced after President Xi, who regards China’s relentless fight against COVID-19 as one of his main achievements, chaired a meeting of the Communist Party’s Politburo on Tuesday.

Some analysts seized on a report on the meeting by official news agency Xinhua that lacked any mention of the “dynamic zero-COVID clearing” policy, which demands cases be brought down to zero as quickly as possible.

While it was unclear whether this was a signal of a fundamental change in stance, health officials at press conferences after the roll-out of the latest measures all emphasized “dynamic optimisation” of anti-epidemic measures rather than eliminating all infections.

Major cities across China, including Beijing and Shanghai, were gripped by protests last month, which started to subside amid a heavy police presence and various restrictions being lifted in different parts of the country.

Officials have not linked any of the changes, made on Wednesday or earlier, to the protests.

But they have markedly softened their tone on the health risks of the virus – bringing China closer to what other countries have been saying for more than a year as they dropped restrictions and shifted towards living with the virus.

Feng Zijian, a former official in China’s Center for Disease Control, told the China Youth Daily that up to 60% of China’s population could be infected in the first large-scale wave before stabilizing.

“Ultimately, around 80%-90% of people will be infected,” he said.

China’s current tally of 5,235 COVID-related deaths is a tiny fraction of its population of 1.4 billion, extremely low by global standards.

China’s yuan has seen a resurgence against the dollar, buoyed by the prospects that government would relax the curbs.

But the currency remains set for its worst year since China unified official and market exchange rates in 1994, as its economy has been battered.

This story was reported by Reuters. Additional reporting was done by Sophie Yu, Ryan Woo, Bernard Orr, and the Beijing newsroom. Writing was done by John Geddie and Greg Torode.