Attacks on Afghan Shiites raise specter of Iraq-like violence

A suicide bomber killed dozens of Shiite Muslims in Kabul, Afghanistan, Tuesday. It was the deadliest bombing in Kabul since 2008.

A suicide attack killed dozens of Shiite Muslims at a crowded Kabul shrine on Tuesday and four died in a smaller blast in a key northern city in the worst sectarian violence Afghanistan has seen since the fall of the Taliban.

The Kabul bomb was the deadliest in the capital since 2008, and comes a day after  a conference where Western allies made firm but not specific promises to support Afghanistan after troops leave in 2014.

The blast occurred on a street in the heart of old Kabul where a crowd of hundreds had gathered to mark the festival of Ashura, with chanting and self-flagellation.

At least 55 were killed and 160 wounded, some critically.

Afghans, who have previously been spared the large-scale sectarian attacks that regularly trouble Iraq and neighbouring Pakistan, are now speculating whether they face a new type of bloodshed being added to the dangers of daily life.

"This is the first time on such an important religious day in Afghanistan that terrorism of that horrible nature is taking place," Afghan President Hamid Karzai told journalists in Germany, where the conference on Afghanistan's future was held.

No one immediately claimed responsibility for the attacks in Kabul and northern Mazar-i-Sharif.

The interior ministry blamed "the Taliban and terrorists", without giving further details. The insurgents group strongly condemned the bombings and blamed "invader enemies".

Afghanistan has a history of tension and violence between Sunnis and the Shi'ite minority, who make up around 15 percent of the population.

"Afghanistan has been at war for 30 years and terrible things have happened, but one of the things that Afghans have been spared generally has been what appears to be this kind of very targeted sectarian attack," said Kate Clark, from the Afghanistan Analysts Network.

"We don't know who planted the bomb yet and it is dangerous to jump to conclusions but if it was Taliban, it marks something really serious, and dangerous, and very troubling."

Mohammad Mohaqiq, a Shi'ite leader and member of parliament, called on Afghans to react "carefully and intelligently" to an attack analysts said may have aimed to stir up ethnic tensions, and thus hinder efforts to negotiate an end to the war.

"It's very rare if not the first of its kind, and to me it seems like it is the work of those elements that are allied with al Qaeda, that would like to disrupt any process of reconciliation between the Taliban and the government," said Kamran Bokhari, from intelligence firm Stratfor.

"From their point of view the way to accomplish that is to exploit these pre-existing fault lines."

ACROSS THE COUNTRY

Shortly after the Kabul blast, a bicycle bomb exploded near the main mosque in northern Mazar-i-Sharif city, killing four, injuring 17 and sparking a fight at a university mosque where Shi'ites and Sunnis were both praying.

"Enemies wanted to target the Muslim precession attending prayer, but because of tight security they failed," the city's senior police detective, Abdul Raoof Taj, told Reuters.

Four people were injured in the mosque scuffle, which broke out when worshippers began arguing about the blast.

Police later defused a mine, found near the site of the explosion and likely intended to target rescuers and security forces attending to victims of the bomb.

A motorbike bomb also appeared to be aimed at Shi'ite worshippers in southern Kandahar city, the Taliban's spiritual home and centre of a strong push by NATO-led troops to push the insurgents out of their stronghold.

It exploded prematurely, injuring two policemen and three civilians, but causing no deaths.

"We cannot say for certain who the bomber's target was, but it was probably the Ashura (ceremonies)," said Kandahar police chief Abdul Raziq.

"We have 100 per cent security. The enemies cannot enter the prayer sites. With such actions they want to show they exist."

The NATO-led coalition fighting in Afghanistan, the United Nations and the U.S. embassy all condemned the attack.

The Shi'ite Muslim festival of Ashura marks the martyrdom of the Prophet Mohammad's grandson, Hussein, in the battle of Karbala in Iraq in the year 680.

Ashura is the biggest event in the Shi'ite Muslim calendar, when large processions are vulnerable to militant attacks, including suicide bombings. Pakistan has deployed tens of thousands of paramilitary soldiers and police during Ashura.

Blood has spilled between Pakistan's majority Sunni and minority Shi'ite militants for decades.

Sectarian strife has intensified since Sunni militants deepened ties with al Qaeda and Pakistani Taliban insurgents after Pakistan joined the U.S.-led campaign against militancy after the Sept. 11 attacks.

(Additional reporting by Omar Sobhani, Daniel Magnowski and Jan Harvey, writing by Emma Graham-Harrison, Editing by Nick Macfie)

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