Amid talk of Mali exit, French forces find war in north still hot, not yet over

African and western nations looking for post-war structures: 'There will never, ever be a solution if you don't talk to the Tuaregs,' says Jeremy Keenan, British expert on East Africa.

French and Malian troops are fighting Islamist rebels in the Sahara outside northern Mali's biggest town, France's defense minister said on Wednesday, describing the desert campaign against Al Qaeda as a "real war" that was far from won.

After driving the Islamists from north Mali's main towns with three weeks of air strikes and a lightning ground advance, France is now pursuing them in the remote northeast where pro-autonomy Tuaregs are pressing their own territorial claims.

French defense minister Jean-Yves Le Drian said French and Malian joint patrols were searching the scrub-land outside the desert trading towns of Timbuktu and Gao. Residents in Gao said today their town was hit by rebel rockets fired from the bush.

"There were clashes yesterday at Gao because from the moment where our forces, supported by the Malian forces, started undertaking missions and patrols around the towns we had taken, we encountered jihadi groups that fought," Mr. Le Drian told Europe 1 radio.

"It's a real war," Le Drian said. "Every night now, even last night, the French forces are targeting and hitting the training centers and truck depots of the jihadists."

With just 4,000 ground troops in an area the size of Texas, France has appealed for the swift deployment of a UN-backed African military force (AFISMA) to help secure the region. But the effort has been slowed by lack of transport and equipment.

Paris has said it would start to draw down its own force in Mali from March.

French troops are cooperating with Tuareg pro-autonomy MNLA rebels who say they have occupied the remote northeastern town of Kidal and surrounding areas after the Islamist fighters fled French air strikes into the nearby Adrar des Ifoghas mountains.

The Tuaregs promised to help fight Al Qaeda and its allies.

That on-ground cooperation, and France's public insistence that the MNLA should take part in negotiations on Mali's political future if it drops its demands for full independence for the north, is an irritant for Mali's troubled military.

Mali's armed forces are still smarting from their defeat in last year's northern Tuareg rebellion that triggered a coup in the capital Bamako and was later hijacked by rebels acting in the name of Islam. 

Interim Mali president Dioncounda Traore has offered talks to the MNLA if they do not seek full independence, and says he is aiming to hold national elections in the country by July 31.

"There will never, ever be a solution if you don't talk to the Tuaregs - but they are not homogenous," said Jeremy Keenan, a British anthropologist and expert on the Tuaregs.

"The MNLA is trying to give the picture that they are back in control and that they are the legitimate voice... This is their last-chance saloon," he told Reuters, adding Mali's Tuareg community was comprised of many shifting factions and loyalties.

France has said that several hundred Islamist fighters have been killed in its "Operation Serval" in Mali, since it intervened dramatically on Jan. 11 to turn back a rebel guerrilla column advancing southward toward the riverside capital Bamako.

The loose Islamist alliance that had occupied the north for 10 months includes Al Qaeda's North African wing AQIM, a splinter group MUJWA, and Mali's Ansar Dine movement, led by a former prominent Tuareg separatist turned Islamist, Iyad Ag Ghaly.

Tuaregs positioning for talks

France wants to restore stability to Mali and remove the threat of Islamists using it as a base to launch attacks in Africa and the West. The United States and European allies are supporting the mission with transport, logistics and surveillance but have said they will not furnish combat troops.

Paris argues a lasting peace in Mali hinges on political talks to reconcile the black African-dominated government in Bamako with the restive north, in particular the Tuaregs.

Positioning itself for talks, the MNLA said on Tuesday it had occupied the town of Menaka, more than 185 miles south from its remote northern stronghold of Kidal.

But complicating the chances of any deal is the deep resentment felt by many Malians towards the MNLA for opening the door to the Islamists' seizure of the north. The MNLA themselves are poorly organised, divided and represent only a part of the north's population, experts say.

"You have a huge part of the rest of Mali not wanting to have anything to do with the Tuaregs - the Tuareg problem has to be resolved and it goes wider than Mali," Keenan said. There are restive Tuareg communities in neighboring Algeria and Niger.

Analysts said Algeria and Mali's other northern neighbours such as Mauritania andLibya must be part of international efforts to forge long-term security in the ungoverned wastes of the Sahara, where Al Qaeda hostage-takers have sheltered alongside traffickers of drugs, cigarettes and migrants.

The MNLA has started its own patrols in the remote regions around the Algerian border where Islamist fighters are believed to be holding seven French citizens hostage. It announced this week it had arrested two senior Islamists fleeing to Algeria.

French special forces and some 1,800 Chadian troops are also based in Kidal, but Malian government troops have kept away.

"[The African force] AFISMA and also the Malian army will deploy eventually to Kidal," AFISMA spokesman Col. Yao Adjoumani told a news conference in Bamako."Talks between the MNLA and the government will take place later."

(Additional reporting by Alexandria Sage in Paris, Pascal Fletcher in Dakar and Adama Diarra in Bamako; Writing by Daniel Flynn; Editing by Pascal Fletcher)