Chelsea and Rob McFarland lure people into a sweet science: urban beekeeping

Honeybee populations are under attack but the founders of nonprofit HoneyLove believe bees' best future is in cities.

Difference Maker

Butterflies and hummingbirds flit in the shafts of light behind Chelsea McFarland as she tells a group of about 20 interested volunteers – residents ages 6 to 66 from around this West Los Angeles suburb – what they can do to combat the dramatic worldwide depletion of the honeybee.

“Instead of one guy with 60,000 hives, our hope is that we can inspire 30,000 people to have two each,” she says to the volunteers who sit on folding chairs inside an auxiliary greenhouse on the grounds of Venice High School Learning Garden.

Between 1947 and 2005, the number of bee colonies in the United States declined by more than 50 percent, from 5.9 million to 2.4 million, she tells them. Researchers are now saying the once-mysterious disappearance is likely due to a combination of viruses, pesticides, and contaminated water, which makes bees more susceptible to everything from stress to parasitic mites. The bees pick up insecticides through dust and residue on nectar and pollen.

The recent Saturday gathering aims to reverse the trend. Ms. McFarland’s hope is that the information will ignite a passion within the listeners to (1) spread the word and (2) adopt a whole slew of ideas that can dramatically boost the bee population.

Those actions could range from becoming a full-time urban beekeeper – building and sustaining hives of bees and harvesting the honey – to planting a bee-friendly organic garden with bee-friendly plants, such as lavender, glory bushes, jasmine, rosemary, coreopsis, violets, thyme, wisteria, bluebells, trumpet vine, sunflowers, cosmos, and coneflowers.

Taking action also could be as simple as building a clean, outdoor, nonstagnant water source on one’s property.

“The best science tells us that the future of the honeybee is within the urban environment,” McFarland says. “Cities actually provide safer habitat than the farms and rural areas traditionally associated with beekeeping.”

That’s because urban areas offer more diversity of plants, and they are available year-round – not just in a single season, like most of the 100 crops that bees pollinate which make up about a third of the average person’s diet.

Bee pollination is worth $15 billion a year to the US farming industry, McFarland says. Bee depletion is also predicted to affect the beef and dairy industries by reducing the pollination of clover and other hay and forage crops.

The Committee on the Status of Pollinators in North America told Congress in March 2007 that if the disappearances – known as colony collapse disorder – continued unabated, managed honeybees would disappear by 2035.

That would also result in higher prices for nuts, fruits, and vegetables, and possibly increased imports of cheaper fruits and vegetables from overseas countries where CCD is less prevalent.

Several years ago McFarland and her husband, Rob, contributed $50,000 of their own money to create HoneyLove, a nonprofit group that teaches urbanites how to host bees in backyard hives. They and other experts present three workshops every month that show prospective beekeepers how to set up hives, attract a swarm, harvest the honey, and make candles and other products from beeswax.

“We’re creating a spark in people that bees should be rescued,” Chelsea says. “We want to give people an easy option because not everyone wants to put on a beekeeper suit and fire a smoker and harvest the honey.”

Rob says they don’t want to play down how involved beekeeping can be.

“People generally get pretty wrapped up in the excitement that we call ‘bee fever,’ and we definitely want to encourage their passion,” he says. “But we are careful to explain that this is not the sort of hobby that you can take lightly.

“There is a fair amount of education that needs to take place and a fair investment of dollars to be a beekeeper. We don’t make it seem like something everyone should do.”
Mary Ann Frazier, a researcher at the Center for Pollinator Research at Pennsylvania State University, applauds the McFarlands’ work.

“Urban beekeeping is very exciting and hugely important,” she says. “The new enthusiasts are coming in and really shaking things up, making this an exciting time to be in this area.”  

One of those who caught the excitement via HoneyLove is artist Tia Tuenge, who first attended a HoneyLove workshop in 2007.

“I never knew about this phenomenon called colony collapse disorder,” she says. In response, “I came home and tore out the grass in my front yard and planted a vegetable garden.” She also put in a fountain, and she’s planning on creating a bee-friendly landscape in her backyard.

She talks about bee depletion to anyone who will listen and sends e-mails with a link to the YouTube video that first got her excited about the issue: the trailer for “The Vanishing Bee.” “I’m really diving into this without asking all the questions about cost and commitment because I just feel it’s important,” she says. “I want to leave my children a healthy planet.”

Matt Reed in Portland, Ore., caught “bee fever” in 2008 when he came home and found a struggling bee on a windowsill. He gave it some heated honey on a plate, which it devoured, and then it flew away. He thought that was awesome and told his wife as much.

“She thought I was crazy,” he says. Four hours later, bees started showing up at their apartment. “The bee had communicated to other bees about the food source,” he says.

A month later, he had his first beehive and began building more beehives and blogging about beekeeping. After people began e-mailing him to purchase hives, he created Bee Thinking, which provides beekeeping supplies, bee swarm removal services, beekeeping classes, and hive consultations.

Back at the Venice High School Learning Garden, Chelsea quizzes her audience about the differences between honeybees and wasps.

“Honeybees are vegetarian, and wasps are carnivores,” says a young girl, to immediate whoops from the crowd. “And bees have furry legs.”

That is why bees are nature’s best pollinators, Chelsea says. Besides the pollen that they transfer from one flower to another – necessary to inseminate apple and almond trees, and most key crops – their fuzzy behinds also collect pesticide residues that create complex cocktails of chemicals over time.

One thing that has made CCD so hard to study is that bees go away from the hive to die – there are no carcasses to study. And whatever CCD is it may only be contributory: It might not kill bees outright, but rather make them more susceptible to the stress of being trucked from farm to farm by commercial beekeepers, for example.

“Why do beekeepers carry around that smoking teapot?” asks the little girl.

Answer: The smoke calms the bees and refocuses their attention on eating honey.

“It also disrupts their ability to communicate with each other using pheromones,” Chelsea explains. “The bees are sensitive to the CO2 in the beekeeper’s breath and can interpret that as a threat to the hive, like a honey badger or bear.” When the bees are calm, the beekeeper can more easily move around the hives to extract honey.

Like the bees that sought out Mr. Reed’s apartment after learning there was honey there, more and more humans are seeking out HoneyLove. Last year HoneyLove financed its $80,000 budget with donations, grants, and dues from 465 members.

Concern over CCD has gone global, Ms. Tuenge says. After protests across France in recent years over the use of pesticides, the European Commission adopted a proposal to restrict the use of three pesticides (clothianidin, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam) for a period of two years.

“This is just the kind of consciousness-raising HoneyLove is trying to achieve,” Tuenge says.

“When people are aware of some of the behaviors that are leading to outcomes they don’t like, many do step up to the plate.... That’s what I’m intending to do.”

• To learn more, visit http://honeylove.org.

How to take action

Universal Giving helps people give to and volunteer for top-performing charitable organizations around the world. All the projects are vetted by Universal Giving; 100 percent of each donation goes directly to the listed cause.

Below are groups selected by Universal Giving that support sustainable agriculture and the environment worldwide:

• The GVN Foundation supports charitable and educational work in local communities through financial and material donations. Take action: Volunteer at a farm in Ghana.

• Helen Keller International combats blindness and malnutrition with programs on health and nutrition. Take action: Fight malnutrition and empower women through gardening.

• EcoLogic Development Fund empowers rural and indigenous peoples to protect tropical ecosystems in Central America and Mexico. Take action: Fund training in agroforestry.