Loan forgiveness? Great, but beware the tax.

Reminders of the financial crisis – little slips of paper called 1099-Cs, the Cancellation of Debt form – have been hitting mailboxes in time to create a few more headaches during tax season.

How could anyone possibly owe more taxes if they couldn't pay their bills in the first place and needed to have a debt forgiven by a lender?

Well, that's exactly what some consumers are asking.

Many people who found themselves overburdened by debt are now looking at some complex tax rules when they receive a 1099-C, a tax document issued by lenders when a car loan, credit card bill or other debt of $600 or more is forgiven or canceled.

The good news, though, is that there continues to be a limited tax break now related to foreclosures.

The Internal Revenue Service projects 6.3 million 1099-Cs will be issued for the 2011 tax year. That's up about 60 percent from the previous year's number.

"People are just freaking out about it," said Gerri Detweiler, personal finance expert for Credit.com.

Detweiler said some consumers are shocked to receive a 1099-C for a very old debt – say, 10 years old. But it might be that the financial firm is now saying the debt is uncollectible.

Other consumers are swearing the amount is wrong and includes inflated fees or a debt that was discharged in bankruptcy.

Some students have had student loan debt canceled because of a disability but are surprised to learn that they may owe taxes on a forgiven amount.

"I just had a guy write in who says they'll likely get a divorce over this," Detweiler said.

The 1099-C can be quite confusing – and unsettling – but it's something taxpayers cannot ignore.

Loan forgiveness for the most part is treated just like income and must be reported as income on state and federal income tax returns.

It's as if you received extra money from a second job or won big on a lottery ticket, which in a way you sort of did. You did get a break when you no longer owed the money.

But not all 1099-Cs lead to higher taxes.

For example, you'd still get a 1099-C on a foreclosure. A limited, special provision does allow up to $2 million of canceled debt on a mortgage to be excluded from income, but only on a principal residence and only if a foreclosure or short sale took place from 2007 through 2012.

In this case, the canceled debt must have been incurred to buy, build or improve your main home. Not to refinance to pay off credit card debt.

If you faced foreclosure on your vacation property, you would have to report that forgiven debt and would owe taxes on it, too.

Taxpayers might need to look at Form 982 – "the reduction of tax attributes due to discharge of indebtedness" – to fully understand the rules.

Bob Scharin, senior tax analyst for Thomson Reuters in New York, said consumers need to pay attention to rules, such as the residence exception, to understand whether they would owe extra taxes when they receive a 1099-C.

Other tax-saving exceptions for canceled debt apply to those who have gone through bankruptcy or are insolvent.

Most taxpayers will need professional tax help to understand whether they qualify for exemptions relating to forgiven or canceled debt.

"We have had customers who received these forms for either debt cancellation on credit cards or on their mortgage," said Matthew Sheldon, who owns a Liberty Tax Service outlet in Sterling Heights, Mich.

"In most cases, if the debt was secured by the house, it is forgiven if you have moved out of that house and given it back to the bank to resell," he said.

But again, specific rules apply.

One Detroit-area homeowner who went through a foreclosure noted that he didn't owe extra taxes based on the 1099-C he received regarding the foreclosure. Even so, he's upset because he has received calls from bill collectors even though the debt was supposedly forgiven.

"It's like paying double," he said. Or it would be if a consumer owes extra taxes as a result of forgiven debt and then still hears from bill collectors.

Many people don't understand the concept of cancellation of debt as income to report on taxes in the first place. Who would imagine that getting $15,000 of credit card debt forgiven could generate $15,000 of reportable income that would be subject to tax?

"In essence, having a debt discharged puts the individual in a better financial position, so it is income – akin to the creditor paying the debtor money and then taking it back to pay off the debt," Scharin said.

In the past, forgiven debt or canceled debt would have applied more frequently to a small business or company. As a result, the rules aren't easy to read.

Now, though, more individuals are dealing with canceled debt because of the Great Recession.

"The information that's out there may not be targeted for the individual who is going through it now," Scharin said.

In some cases, people do not realize that a debt was canceled or that they're looking at a tax headache.

Some students have had student loan debt canceled because of a disability but are surprised that they may owe taxes on a forgiven amount. Under current law, the canceled debt is treated as taxable income, yielding a tax bill, said Mark Kantrowitz, publisher of Fastweb.com.

Kantrowitz said he gets questions on this all the time and it's mainly an issue for disability discharge.

The forgiveness of the remaining student loan balance after 25 years in an income-based repayment program is taxable, too, he said.

Yet Scharin noted that if the former student is insolvent, some or all of the debt discharged may not be taxable. Under some special programs, some other types of forgiven student loan debt wouldn't be taxable, either.

Kantrowitz said that if student loan debt is canceled as part of a forgiveness program for working in a particular field, such as health care in an underserved community, the debt that is forgiven is tax-free.

The same is true for public service loan forgiveness programs, he said.

If you receive a 1099-C for any canceled debt, though, you cannot ignore it. The IRS gets a copy of that 1099-C, too. Even in cases where you don't owe extra taxes, you'd need to file Form 982 to let the IRS know why the debt discharge reported on the Form 1099-C is not taxable to you.

And in many cases, some debt may be far more unforgiving than you imagine.