2022
September
23
Friday

Monitor Daily Podcast

September 23, 2022
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Casey Fedde
Copy Desk Editor

Punctuation only gets the spotlight when it misses the mark. Writers rely on punctuation to communicate important cues to readers. Without it, writers risk rambling, misplacing a subject’s prized possession, or even facing a lawsuit, as was the situation in 2014 for Oakhurst Dairy in Maine over a missing Oxford comma. So, in honor of National Punctuation Day on Sept. 24, let’s explore some forgotten punctuation. 

For centuries, wordsmiths have demanded punctuation marks that would convey irony and sarcasm in written text, much like verbal intonation or facial expressions do in spoken conversation. But tipping off readers to phrases with meanings beyond – or even opposite to – what is written has proved challenging.

In the mid-1600s, British philosopher John Wilkins penned the first irony mark, an upside-down exclamation point appropriately resembling a lowercase “i,” which “both hints at the im­plied irony and sug­gests the in­ver­sion of its mean­ing,” writes Keith Houston in “Shady Characters: The Secret Life of Punctuation, Symbols, and Other Typographical Marks.” 

Later, around 1900, French poet Alcanter de Brahm introduced a whiplike backward question mark (⸮) at the start of sentences as a warning to readers that a change of tone followed. But this point d’ironie, or irony point, may have been a step too far, as its placement spoiled the surprise. 

By the 2000s, there was a heightened demand for conveying irony and sarcasm in writing. Enter the snark mark. The list of ironists is hard to pin down, but Slate’s Josh Greenman resurrected the upside-down exclamation point (¡), and typographer Choz Cunningham, among others, suggested using a period followed by a tilde to tell readers that a sentence should be read beyond its literal meaning. The .~ had potential because it was easily rendered by typographers – unlike the irony marks of yore, which may explain their absence today.

All this is to say that punctuation has its purpose. It demands respect, proper implementation, and praise. It’s just too bad we don’t have any current forms of snark marks. : )


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Today's stories

And why we wrote them

Christian Mang/Reuters
People take part in a protest following the death in Iran of Mahsa Amini, in front of the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, Sept. 23, 2022. Ms. Amini died in custody a week ago after being arrested by morality police for allegedly violating an edict on wearing a hijab in public.

Women and their freedoms are the catalyst for widespread demonstrations in Iran demanding reforms – even, as some protesters are saying, the toppling of the Islamic Republic.

The Explainer

Where does a country draw a line between launching investigations for political motives and ensuring that the rule of law applies to every citizen, even the powerful?

Yara Nardi/Reuters
Giorgia Meloni, leader of the far-right Brothers of Italy party, sits at a table in Rome on Aug. 24, 2022.

Italians have seen a variety of governments come and go over recent decades, but with few results that they want. Now they look set to elect a new leader, despite her fascist ties: Giorgia Meloni.

Listen

Nuclear energy: What might cool a hot debate

Climate change may be placing nuclear power in a new light. Our writer describes how a willingness to be humble helps opposing sides consider some trade-offs in the search for energy solutions.

Monitor Backstory: A shift on a power source?

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In Pictures

Ann Hermes/Staff
Server Nahidur Rahman sets out candles under the pergola erected by the restaurant SAINT for outdoor dining in New York.

The dining shed quickly emerged as a pandemic lifeline for New York restaurants. What began as an emergency stopgap has since become a community fixture that the city wants to make permanent.


The Monitor's View

Ever since the 2008 financial crisis, the world’s central banks have gradually found merit in coordinating with each other – particularly during volatile episodes in the global economy. Yet never have they flocked together like they did this week. From Washington to Hanoi, 11 central banks raised interest rates, signaling a consensus that the highest worldwide inflation in four decades requires an aggressive response.

One reason for the urgency is to prevent a mental spiral that inflation can provoke. When consumers fear that prices will keep rising, they may start spending more now to avoid spending more later. That added demand, in turn, puts added pressure on prices. “The longer the current bout of high inflation continues,” U.S. Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell said on Wednesday, “the greater the chance that expectations of higher inflation will become entrenched.”

That concern is based on the way people responded to rapidly rising costs in the past, such as the 1970s. What makes this bout with inflation different is that many companies and consumers are no longer waiting for central banks to restore stability. To an unprecedented degree, workplaces and factories are challenging an “inflationary mindset” with initiative and creativity.

“Forced to adjust to circumstances beyond their control and armed with technology that gives them more access to expertise than ever, consumers are developing a stronger sense of self-reliance,” an Accenture study of consumer behavior found in July. “As people become more self-reliant, they are also rethinking the values that drive them.”

That is reshaping their decisions about buying and saving. A new study by the consulting firm Gartner, for example, found consumers are relying more on new apps to compare prices and determine the shortest travel routes. That, in turn, is forcing companies to adapt. No longer able to assume that they can just pass along higher production costs to their customers, they are seeking new technology-based answers to production costs and supply-chain flows. A KPMG survey of corporate executives in August found that 65% anticipated increasing their technology investments by as much as 20% to mitigate the effects of inflation.

That points to an unintended beneficial consequence: Inflation is accelerating what Morgan Stanley calls “deflation enablers” in sectors that are increasingly central to the long-term global good, such as clean energy and mass energy storage. This is challenging assumptions that the shifts required by climate change would be costly and economically disruptive. On the contrary, the investment firm now forecasts that artificial intelligence and green solutions to long-term energy security are among the “broad categories of technologies that combat the effects of inflation.”

A moment of global economic uncertainty is revealing its hidden uses. Fueled by inflation, transformative shifts in business investment and consumer behavior are showing that creative abundance is outpacing material scarcity.


A Christian Science Perspective

About this feature

Each weekday, the Monitor includes one clearly labeled religious article offering spiritual insight on contemporary issues, including the news. The publication – in its various forms – is produced for anyone who cares about the progress of the human endeavor around the world and seeks news reported with compassion, intelligence, and an essentially constructive lens. For many, that caring has religious roots. For many, it does not. The Monitor has always embraced both audiences. The Monitor is owned by a church – The First Church of Christ, Scientist, in Boston – whose founder was concerned with both the state of the world and the quality of available news.

Recognizing that God has created us to bless, not harm, uplifts our thoughts and actions toward others, which in turn benefits our interactions and relationships.


A message of love

John Walton/PA/AP
Team Europe's Roger Federer waves during a training session ahead of the Laver Cup at the O2 Arena in London, Sept. 22, 2022. He teams up with Rafael Nadal for a doubles match on Sept, 23, after which Mr. Federer will retire from tennis, as he announced earlier this month.
( The illustrations in today’s Monitor Daily are by Karen Norris. )

A look ahead

Have a great weekend. On Monday, we’ll be looking at the midterm elections and why the future of the Republican Party may be decided in Arizona.

More issues

2022
September
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