2024
November
07
Thursday

Monitor Daily Podcast

November 07, 2024
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TODAY’S INTRO

Global views on Tuesday’s news

Clayton Collins
Director of Editorial Innovation

You don’t need this reminder, but here it is anyway: The U.S. election was seismic in the United States; the wider world felt the reverberations, too. Today, columnist Ned Temko supplies a skilled analysis of what Tuesday’s electoral decision projects to allies and adversaries.

Ned’s is a story about high-level perceptions. We’re working on a follow-up, with staff reports from China to Mexico and beyond, exploring the perspectives of six sets of parents who are understandably focused on the future. Watch for that tomorrow.

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Will Trump still face lawsuits? Will he use Justice Department to sue his enemies?

Donald Trump, newly elected president, has a bucket of legal problems – and a Justice Department soon at his disposal. He may reshape American justice.

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President-elect Donald Trump made history last night, not only as the second president ever elected to nonsequential terms in the White House. He is also the first American president ever elected with a felony conviction.

Besides the felony conviction, Mr. Trump is facing criminal felony charges in three other cases: two related to his failed efforts to overturn the 2020 election result, and one related to his alleged unlawful retention of classified documents after leaving office four years ago.

With his reelection on Tuesday, those legal troubles are now likely to disappear, experts say. What could emerge in their place is legal trouble for Mr. Trump’s political opponents. And after a campaign in which Mr. Trump repeatedly claimed that he would pursue retribution against political opponents, some worry that his administration’s priorities could have troubling implications for the rule of law.

“For all intents and purposes, his criminal prosecutions are over,” says Jeffrey Cohen, a former federal prosecutor and an associate professor at Boston College Law School. “There’s some cleanup to do, but he’s going to effectively avoid any kind of accountability.’’

Will Trump still face lawsuits? Will he use Justice Department to sue his enemies?

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Jabin Botsford/The Washington Post/AP/File
Former President Donald Trump, flanked by attorneys Todd Blanche and Emil Bove, appears at Manhattan criminal court as his criminal hush money trial goes to a jury in New York, May 29, 2024.

President-elect Donald Trump made history on election night. He is not only the second president ever elected to nonsequential terms in the White House but also the first American president ever elected with a felony conviction.

Legal troubles hung over Mr. Trump the entire campaign, but voters did not seem to mind. Besides the felony conviction, he is facing criminal charges in three other cases: two related to his failed efforts to overturn the 2020 election result and one related to his alleged unlawful retention of classified documents after leaving office four years ago.

With his reelection last night, experts say those legal troubles are likely to disappear. Some observers worry that what could emerge in their place is legal trouble for Mr. Trump’s political opponents.

“For all intents and purposes, his criminal prosecutions are over,” says Jeffrey Cohen, a former federal prosecutor and an associate professor at Boston College Law School. “There’s some cleanup to do, but he’s going to effectively avoid any kind of accountability.”

And after a campaign in which Mr. Trump repeatedly claimed that he would pursue retribution against critics and opponents, some observers worry that his administration’s new priorities could have troubling implications for the rule of law.

The Manhattan case

Of the four criminal cases against the former and now future president, only one has gone to trial. In May, a jury in Manhattan convicted Mr. Trump on 34 felony counts of falsifying business records to hide hush money payments to an adult film star during the 2016 presidential campaign.

His sentencing is scheduled for Nov. 26, after being postponed until after the election by New York state Judge Juan Merchan, who is overseeing the case. Mr. Trump’s lawyers are expected to ask for another delay, The Washington Post reported on Wednesday. The president-elect faces a maximum of four years in jail, but whatever the sentence is, it’s unlikely that Mr. Trump will ever serve it, experts say. He is appealing the Manhattan conviction, and the sentence will be stayed pending those appeals. It’s likely that, once he becomes president in January 2025, the appeals will be stayed until the end of his term.

The Georgia case

Similarly, in Fulton County, Georgia, Mr. Trump is one of nine defendants facing criminal charges over an alleged conspiracy to overturn the result of the 2020 presidential election there. The case has been delayed as Georgia courts weigh whether the lead prosecutor, Fulton County District Attorney Fani Willis, should be disqualified due to a conflict of interest.

John Bazemore/AP/File
Fulton County District Attorney Fani Willis speaks during a news conference, Aug. 14, 2023, in Atlanta. Donald Trump faces criminal charges over an alleged conspiracy to overturn the the 2020 presidential election results there. The case has stalled as Georgia courts weigh whether Ms. Willis should be disqualified due to a conflict of interest.

A hearing on that question is scheduled for December, but if the case proceeds, it’s possible it could continue against the other defendants. Longstanding DOJ policy holds that a sitting president cannot be prosecuted, but Fulton County prosecutors could choose to litigate that issue.

“I’m not sure if states would have [that] right,” says Barbara McQuade, a former federal prosecutor and a professor at the University of Michigan Law School. “If it goes before the U.S. Supreme Court as currently constituted, which seems to have a pretty strong view of executive power, I expect it will come out in [the Trump Justice Department’s] favor.”

The federal cases

What is almost certain, experts say, is that two federal criminal cases against Mr. Trump will be discontinued.

One case being heard in Washington, D.C., involves his efforts to overturn the 2020 election. Another, being heard in Florida, involves his alleged unlawful retention of classified documents after his term ended. Both cases are led by Jack Smith, a special counsel appointed by Attorney General Merrick Garland.

Two weeks ago, Mr. Trump said he would fire Mr. Smith “within two seconds” of taking office. Reports emerged Wednesday that Department of Justice officials are exploring how to wind down the federal criminal cases against him in light of the policy that a sitting president cannot be prosecuted.

Both cases have undergone over a year of pretrial litigation. If those cases were to be ongoing when he enters office, experts say, Mr. Trump wouldn’t be able to end them himself. But he might appoint an attorney general who could.

The Washington case recently returned to district court Judge Tanya Chutkan following the Supreme Court ruling that former presidents have broad immunity from criminal prosecution. District court Judge Aileen Cannon dismissed the classified documents case in Florida in July. That decision is under appeal, but the new attorney general could order prosecutors to drop it. (Two weeks ago, ABC News reported that Judge Cannon, a Trump appointee, is on a short list of potential attorney general candidates.)

J. Scott Applewhite/AP/File
Special counsel Jack Smith speaks to the media about an indictment of former President Donald Trump, Aug. 1, 2023, at an office of the Department of Justice in Washington.

An incoming president often sets a new course for the Department of Justice, says Professor Cohen.

“The DOJ can change its priorities with a new administration,” he adds. “So the DOJ can absolutely stop prosecuting those cases.”

The Trump 47 Justice Department

Whatever they do, Mr. Trump and his allies have made clear that the Justice Department will be central to much of it.

“When we get in there, we’re going to fire the people responsible for the corruption of our Department of Justice,” said Trump running mate JD Vance at a rally last month.

That includes Mr. Garland, he added, whom he described as “one of the most corrupt AGs we’ve ever had.”

Indeed, at that rally, Senator Vance said the new attorney general would be a more important administration member than him – second only to Mr. Trump.

“You need an attorney general who believes in true equal justice under law,” he said.

But as Mr. Trump has repeatedly claimed that he will go after his critics and political opponents, some observers worry about how equal that justice could be.

He has, for example, called for investigations into the 2024 Democratic presidential nominee, Vice President Kamala Harris, and President Joe Biden, as well as former President Barack Obama and former U.S. Rep. Liz Cheney, a Republican who campaigned against him this year, according to Reuters.

He has also said he would task his DOJ with investigating progressive prosecutor offices, arrest protesters who engage in vandalism, and jail people who burn the American flag. (The Supreme Court ruled in 1989 that the Constitution protects flag burning.)

“There’s a worry that he could follow through on some of these threats, and he could really shake the foundation of the Department of Justice,” says Professor McQuade. “I hope we have enough checks in the system to prevent that from happening, either through career prosecutors, or juries or courts.”

Today’s news briefs

• Fed cuts key rate: The Federal Reserve cuts its key interest rate by a quarter point in response to the steady decline in the once-high inflation that had angered Americans and helped drive Donald Trump’s presidential election victory this week.
• Israel enacts deportation: Its parliament passes a law that would allow it to deport family members of Palestinian attackers to the Gaza Strip or other locations for a period of seven to 20 years.
• German coalition collapses: Chancellor Olaf Scholz is expected to lead the country with a minority government after the governing party loses its parliamentary majority.
• Hurricane hits Cuba: Rafael pushes into the Gulf of Mexico after churning across western Cuba as a Category 3 storm with winds so powerful they knocked out the country’s power grid.
• Australia targets social media: Its government announces legislation that would set a minimum age limit of 16 for children to start using social media, and would hold platforms responsible for ensuring compliance.

Read these news briefs.

Patterns

Tracing global connections

With Trump, ‘America First’ is back. US allies brace for a shock.

President-elect Donald Trump revealed himself in his first term to be an unpredictable, go-it-alone foreign policymaker. He is showing no signs of having changed his spots as he prepares to return to the White House.

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Donald Trump is expected to change many of Washington’s policies around the world when he takes office in January. But the significance of his election victory goes much deeper than individual policies.

Mr. Trump’s comeback has confirmed a profound departure from the way the United States has long projected both its hard power, meaning its military and economic muscle, and its soft power: its reputation.

For decades, America has exercised its international influence through economic, trade, and security partnerships with friends and allies.

But the pendulum has been swinging in recent years, not for the first time in American history. It has moved toward a more inward-looking and protectionist approach, reminiscent of the 1930s.

The new administration will focus its political energies on its domestic agenda. Abroad, the emphasis seems set to focus on unilateral action wherever Mr. Trump feels U.S. interests are directly at stake.

That will impact U.S. allies. With Washington increasingly taking its own path, Europe will have to recalibrate, and depend more on itself.

After a phone call Wednesday between French President Emmanuel Macron and German Chancellor Olaf Scholz, the two leaders said they looked forward to forging a “more united, stronger, and more sovereign Europe in the new context.”

With Trump, ‘America First’ is back. US allies brace for a shock.

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Evan Vucci/AP
America's allies worldwide are preparing to deal with a hard-nosed Trump administration, less open to policy cooperation and coordination with other countries, and readier to go it alone.

Donald J. Trump’s election triumph signals the most important shift in America’s place in the world since the end of World War II, nearly eight decades ago.

And the policy implications of his return to the White House – on critical issues from wars in Ukraine and the Mideast to world trade and climate change – are just one reason the election result matters so much beyond America’s borders.

For Mr. Trump’s comeback has confirmed a more profound departure from the way the United States has long projected both its hard power, meaning its military and economic muscle, and its soft power: its reputation.

These sea changes will be unsettling for friend and foe alike, but especially for longtime U.S. allies.

For decades, the U.S. has wielded its heft on the world stage through economic, trade, and security partnerships with like-minded countries, especially with its European allies in NATO.

But the pendulum has been swinging in recent years, not for the first time in American history, toward a more inward-looking and protectionist approach. That shift accelerated during Mr. Trump’s first term in office.

On security matters, especially after Russian President Vladimir Putin’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, President Joe Biden did actively reengage with traditional U.S. allies. On trade and tariffs, however, he broadly followed the Trump 1.0 line, especially with regard to America’s main economic rival, China.

Mr. Trump’s victory will be viewed overseas not just as heralding a return to his first-term protectionism, and his overt disdain for America’s international alliances.

At least to judge by his campaign pronouncements, his win also appears to herald the kind of assertive isolationism espoused by opponents of America’s entry into the world war against Nazi Germany.

The 1930s isolationists’ banner, in fact, has become a Trump rallying cry: “America First.”

The 2024 version seems likely to mean the new administration will focus its political energies on delivering its domestic agenda. Abroad, the emphasis seems set to shift away from consultation and cooperation with allies, to focus instead on unilateral action, and selective deal-making, where Mr. Trump feels U.S. interests are directly at stake, especially in China.

Yet the soft power implications of Mr. Trump’s victory may be even greater.

Kirsty Wigglesworth/AP
Britain’s newspapers’ front pages report Donald Trump’s election victory. The U.K. is one major U.S. ally fearing that Mr. Trump will pay it little attention.

America’s leading role in the world since the mid-20th century has rested not only on economic strength and military muscle, but on its reputation as the world’s most powerful, resilient, and stable democracy, wedded to the rule of law, open to newcomers, and championing human rights.

Critics, at home and abroad, have rightly pointed out that America has not always met these lofty standards, nor has it always led by example.

Still, the ideal has resonated widely: the notion of America as a “shining city on the hill,” in a phrase used by presidents as dissimilar as John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan.

That vision has been eroding in recent years, especially after Mr. Trump refused to acknowledge his 2020 election loss to Mr. Biden and urged on supporters who attacked the U.S. Capitol to try to overturn the result.

Even when Mr. Biden was in office, senior political figures abroad, especially in Europe, remained shocked not just by the Capitol violence, but by the tens of millions of Americans who had voted for Mr. Trump after his first term, nearly reelecting him.

The message from this week’s election – and from the angry, at times overtly sexist and authoritarian rhetoric that Mr. Trump used on the campaign trail – is that America is a deeply, angrily, unstably divided country.

The democratic consensus championed by leaders like Presidents Kennedy and Reagan has shattered.

A majority of U.S. voters want a very different kind of leader, wedded to a very different kind of America.

They want Donald Trump.

With only a handful of exceptions, America’s allies – especially those worried about Russia and China – did not want Mr. Trump to win.

But now they are scrambling to recalibrate and adapt, trying to make nice with a president they had hoped to see in their rearview mirror.

Only minutes after Mr. Trump’s win became clear, Britain’s left-of-center prime minister, Kier Starmer, sent him effusive congratulations on his “historic victory.”

From Ukraine, despite fears Mr. Trump will seek a quick deal ratifying Russia’s occupation and annexation of eastern regions of the country, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy issued a statement of congratulations and voiced hope of progress toward a “just peace.”

Another early message came from French President Emmanuel Macron, whose relationship with Mr. Trump grew increasingly fraught over the course of his first term.

The French leader harked back to their initially warm ties. He said that he now hoped to work jointly with a reelected Mr. Trump for “peace and prosperity.”

But a second statement recognized the deep changes in America and its place in the world that the election result seemed to confirm.

After a phone call between President Macron and German Chancellor Olaf Scholz, the two leaders said they looked forward to forging a “more united, stronger, and more sovereign Europe in the new context.”

How a Sudanese refugee in Uganda is keeping his homeland alive through food

Sudan’s civil war has forced more than 11 million people to flee their homes. In a refugee camp in Uganda, one restaurant owner is trying to resurrect his homeland with food. (Find a series of stories on the war’s humanitarian fallout, and resilience in the face of it, here.)

Sophie Neiman
Fayza Alsidig Hamad Yousif prepares a sauce called niaymia at El-Frazdug Khalfallah Alian Assoul’s restaurant in Kiryandongo.
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A group of men sits in a semicircle outside El-Frazdug Khalfallah Alian Assoul’s small restaurant, sipping ginger-infused coffee from glass cups. 

The ritual carries them home, to Sudan. 

Since civil war broke out there in April 2023, more than 11 million people have been forced to flee their homes. Bringing only what they could carry on their backs, tens of thousands have made their way to this refugee settlement in central Uganda. 

Here even the simplest daily routines are inflected with loss. Mr. Assoul knows that the men who gather at his restaurant each day would rather be somewhere else. Still, as he serves their meals and mingles beneath a feather-white tarpaulin propped up by reeds, he hopes in a small way to resurrect the home they left behind. 

“If you eat alone, you must find someone and tell him to come to share with you. That is the habit of Sudanese people,” Mr. Assoul says. “When we share food, we are sharing our news and emotions.” 

How a Sudanese refugee in Uganda is keeping his homeland alive through food

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This is the fourth article in a series from Sudan that we are publishing this week, highlighting that country’s travails and citizens’ efforts to overcome them. Read the first three articles herehere, and here.

A group of men sits in a semicircle outside El-Frazdug Khalfallah Alian Assoul’s small restaurant, sipping ginger-infused coffee from glass cups. They gossip in Arabic, pausing only to call for another cup of coffee, before continuing their chatter, seemingly impervious to the heat of a cloudless sky.

The ritual carries them home, to Sudan.

Since civil war broke out there in April 2023, more than 11 million people have been forced to flee their homes. Bringing only what they could carry on their backs, tens of thousands have made their way to this refugee settlement in central Uganda.

Here even the simplest daily routines are inflected with loss. Mr. Assoul knows that the men who gather at his restaurant each day would rather be somewhere else. Still, as he serves their meals and mingles beneath a feather-white tarpaulin propped up by reeds, he hopes in a small way to resurrect the home they left behind.

“If you eat alone, you must find someone and tell him to come to share with you. That is the habit of Sudanese people,” Mr. Assoul says. “When we share food, we are sharing our news and emotions.”

Sophie Neiman
El-Frazdug Khalfallah Alian Assoul opened a restaurant in Uganda’s Kiryandongo Refugee Settlement four months ago.

Inherited recipes

Food has long been an important part of Mr. Assoul’s life. When he was growing up in the city of Omdurman, just across the Nile from the capital, Khartoum, residents greeted new neighbors with steaming plates of bamia mafrooka, a green okra soup, and kisra, a paper-thin sorghum flatbread.

When he went away to university in Khartoum, his mother taught him to cook over the phone, giving step-by-step instructions for how to soak lentils for soup and fry onions in oil until they were tender.

The first attempt was a disaster. “I put it in the rubbish,” Mr. Assoul says, laughing. But he continued to practice, memorizing his mother’s recipes. His favorite was kawara, a soup made from cow’s feet and vegetables.

He was living in Khartoum with his family when fighting began last April between the Sudanese army and a paramilitary group called the Rapid Support Forces. As water shortages gripped his neighborhood, Mr. Assoul watched as the jasmine and roses that grew in his window withered. Below, he saw smoke from explosions and heard pops of gunfire. Bodies of soldiers lay unclaimed on the street.

After a month, his parents and siblings fled to the southern Sudanese state of White Nile. Mr. Assoul did not join them, instead taking a winding path that eventually led here. “I needed to discover my life,” he says, hoping to make his own fortune and provide for the family.

Four months ago, he established his small restaurant on a dusty slope at the edge of Kiryandongo, where a length of dirty rope divides the settlement from the neighboring town of Bweyale.

Between 600 and 700 Sudanese arrive in Kiryandongo each week, according to local officials. Their first port of call is the settlement’s reception center, where they receive cards confirming their refugee status.

Sophie Neiman
Two women walk past open-air barbershops outside the refugee reception center in Kiryandongo Oct. 16, 2024.

Just outside its doors, a vibrant market hums. Women serve spicy Sudanese tea from rickety stands, and barbers cut hair at their open-air stalls, their services advertised in brightly colored Arabic script.

Mr. Assoul calls it “Little Khartoum,” and his restaurant is here, too. He named it Malik el-Kawara or “King of Kawara,” after the cow foot stew he made from his mother’s recipe.

Over plates of kawara and niaymia – a sauce of stewed tomatoes, dried okra, yogurt, and peanut butter, served with bread and scooped up by hand – his customers talk of family still in Sudan.

“There is a new community of Sudanese people here,” Mr. Assoul says. “We started that through food.”

Sharing love

Invariably, the conversation turns to ongoing war.

When it does, Khalid Hammad Salih, one of Mr. Assoul’s regulars, falls silent.

A pharmacist, he has not seen his family since the third day of clashes between the army and the Rapid Support Forces last year, when he sent his wife, children, and parents away to Egypt. Mr. Salih can no longer remember the last words they said to each other, only the terror he felt for them as he watched them go.

He stayed behind in Sudan, intending to supply medicine amid the fighting. In the meantime, the war taught him to cook. “You need to eat, so you have to learn,” he says bluntly.

Still, more than anything, he longs for his mother’s gurusa, or wholemeal pancakes. Recalling how she always served them alongside chicken soup, Mr. Salih removes his sunglasses and quickly wipes tears from his eyes. He opens his mouth, but no words arrive.

He arrived in Uganda this June, and says he plans to bring his family from Egypt to join him. For now, however, Mr. Salih eats at Mr. Assoul’s restaurant three times a week, arriving mid-morning and staying until the sky begins to darken.

“When we are sharing food, we are also sharing love,” he says, his face finally splitting into a wide grin.

Sophie Neiman
Adam Sulieman Mustafa stands in the window of his bakery in Kiryandongo Refugee Settlement Oct. 15, 2024.

Remembering Sudan

Across a red dirt road from Mr. Assoul’s restaurant is Firdaus or “Paradise,” a bakery operated by Adam Sulieman Mustafa. His sole product is a pitalike bread, prepared using a recipe taught to him by his uncle in Darfur.

When he recalls the fighting there, Mr. Mustafa speaks bluntly and simply, as if listing measurements in a recipe. “We were not able to go out to bring food for our children,” he says. “We just stayed at home.”

He sold his house in Darfur to open his bakery in Uganda, and now rises each morning at 2 a.m. to begin work. Mixing flour, yeast, and salt and tenderly kneading the dough brings him back to a time before war.

“My bread lets people remember Sudan,” he says.

Mr. Mustafa supplies Mr. Assoul, who also finds himself lost in a flood of memories whenever he eats food from home. Most often, the tastes bring him back to the last Ramadan he spent with his family before the war, quietly breaking their fast together.

Sudanese food sometimes tightens the knots of homesickness in his heart, and he cannot eat at all. For the same reason, he often avoids calling his mother.

When they do talk, however, they always speak of food. Last time, she shared her special trick for making kawara. He should add sweet potatoes to it, she said, the next time he cooks his own.

Asim Zurgan contributed reporting and translation from Kiryandongo.

Part 1: A journalist recounts his daughter’s miraculous birth in war-torn Sudan

Part 2: ‘They are our people’: How community kitchens are piecing Sudan back together

Part 3: She fled war in Sudan. Now she grapples with returning.

Crops, cows, and solar panels? Why farmers are harvesting sunlight.

The solar industry is facing increasing criticism for taking up too much agricultural land. Massachusetts farmers are testing solutions that grow both food and power.

Melanie Stetson Freeman/Staff
Solar panels stand above corn growing at a University of Massachusetts Amherst experimental research farm, Oct. 2, 2024, in South Deerfield, Massachusetts.
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The corn has been collected and the pumpkin season is almost done. But on this University of Massachusetts Amherst research farm, there is still one last harvest taking place – of sunlight.

“Agrivoltaics,” or dual-use solar panels, are placed between or above rows of plants to collect the sun’s energy. To proponents, these solar arrays represent the future of farming – a way to collect energy while also using the land productively, and helping farmers at the same time.

These dual-use panels can support the solar needs of Massachusetts and “potentially support the agricultural economy and farmers that are facing various different stresses,” says Dwayne Breger, director of the University of Massachusetts Amherst Clean Energy Extension team.

Those stresses include droughts and financial instability – not only here in Massachusetts, but across the United States.

There are still hurdles to overcome with dual-use solar, Dr. Breger acknowledges. Installation costs can range as high as $1 million, and tapping into an outdated energy grid can be challenging.

But in western Massachusetts, a growing number of projects are showing just how commercially viable it could be.

Crops, cows, and solar panels? Why farmers are harvesting sunlight.

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The corn has been collected, the cabbage gathered, and the pumpkin season is almost done. But on this University of Massachusetts Amherst research farm, there is still one last harvest taking place – a harvest of sunlight.

“Agrivoltaics,” or dual-use solar panels, are placed between or above rows of plants to collect the sun’s energy. Here, they resemble metal versions of the old orchards that dot other hills in this region. Back in the spring, farmers planted corn, cabbage, and other vegetables below their metal canopies.

To Dwayne Breger, director of the University of Massachusetts Amherst Clean Energy Extension team running this research site, this solar array represents the future of farming – a way to collect energy while also using the land productively, and helping farmers at the same time.

Agrivoltaics, he says, can support the solar needs of Massachusetts and “potentially support the agricultural economy and farmers that are facing various different stresses.”

Those stresses include droughts and financial instability – not only here in Massachusetts, but across the United States.

“Small farming is a tough business,” says Keith Hevenor, communications manager at the Boston-based solar company Nexamp. The decades of predictable income that agrivoltaics can offer, he says, “is giving them that certainty to keep forging ahead.”

There are still hurdles to overcome with dual-use solar, Dr. Breger acknowledges. Installation costs can range as high as $1 million, and tapping into an outdated energy grid can be challenging.

But here in western Massachusetts – a region not exactly known for its sunshine or open landscapes – a growing number of projects are showing just how commercially viable it could be.

Melanie Stetson Freeman/Staff
River Strong, associate director, clean energy division (at left), and Dwayne Breger, director of Clean Energy Extension at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, stand near solar panels above corn growing at the university's experimental research farm in South Deerfield, Massachusetts, Oct. 2, 2024.

Solar is growing across the U.S.

Over the past decade, the production of solar power in the U.S. has increased eightfold, according to some analyses, with the cost of both solar panels and power dropping precipitously.

Some analysts expect the industry to triple over the next 10 years.

Most states are embracing the technology to help meet carbon emission reduction goals. Massachusetts, for example, calls for at least 27 gigawatts of solar power to meet its goal of going carbon-neutral by 2050, which would require increasing solar power by more than 400% from the state’s current capacity. Larger states like Texas, where solar projects are growing fastest, expect to add 40 gigawatts of solar power over the next five years.

But solar takes up space. In order to meet these goals, panels will need to span massive amounts of land – land that is often prime for agricultural use.

This has sparked growing criticism of solar power. But it has also prompted new efforts to solve the problem.

Massachusetts was the first state to provide incentives for agrivoltaics. The Northeast does not have the huge prairies conducive for wind farms or the easily accessible geothermal energy that exists in parts of the West Coast. That leaves solar as a renewable energy source – and without the large, open spaces one might find further west, Massachusetts has had to improvise.

“There’s three drivers for [solar] markets,” says Jim Hafner, New England Regional Director for American Farmland Trust, a land conservation group. “One is how sunny it is, which we kind of take a hit on, but the other is the energy prices you’re competing with, and we’re good on that one because our energy prices tend to be quite a bit higher than Arizona, for example. And then the third is what local state level incentives are available. And there again, we’ve been offering more incentives than in other states.”

Those incentives originate from the Commonwealth’s SMART solar program, and include tax credits and grants. On the federal level, the Biden administration recently announced a $71 million investment to advance American solar manufacturing, in addition to another $20 million to improve planning, siting, and permitting processes.

With both state and federal aid, many Massachusetts solar companies have turned to the people who have long tried to make use of the rocky, hilly landscape: farmers.

Melanie Stetson Freeman/Staff
A cow stands in a field with a solar array in the background at the University of Massachusetts Amherst’s experimental research farm in South Deerfield, Massachusetts.

How do farmers fit into the picture?

Joe Czajkowski is one of the pioneers. His farm in Hadley, Massachusetts, boasts a 2.3 acre array atop his broccoli, large enough to power about 60 homes, he says.

His farm uses refrigeration for both the storage and the delivery of his vegetables. With the solar array, he gets a 15% reduction on his electric bill, he says, “which is more than $5,000 a month” in savings. With this influx of cash, Mr. Czajkowski has been able to expand his solar arrays as well as modernize his vehicles, buying a fully electric delivery van to ship his produce across the state.

When it comes to his crops, Mr. Czajkowski says he’s seen no difference between those under the panels and those elsewhere. Indeed, research from Hasselt University in Belgium shows that the shade provided might actually help the plants combat heat stress and need less water.

And it is not just produce that can be co-utilized with solar farms. Grazing animals between panels has become increasingly popular.

For farmers, owning land and buying food for their animals has historically been an expense to them. But by partnering with companies like Nexamp, “[grazing] becomes a revenue source for them,” the firm’s communications manager, Mr. Hevenor, says. The companies pay farmers to have their animals do “vegetation management” – or, simply, eating.

Other farms are developing pollinator habitats underneath panels.

Lee Walston and Heidi Hartmann, both environmental scientists at the Argonne National Laboratory in Illinois, a federally funded research center, have spent the last few years pairing pollinator habitats with solar arrays. The effects, they found, have been a boon for the region. In addition to rebuilding lost habitats for insects and other pollinators due to climate change, they also boost agricultural productivity of nearby farms.

Farmers have a long history of supporting the energy industry. Every year, U.S. farmers plant around 140,000 square miles of corn, 30% of which is used to produce ethanol. Not only is dual-use solar better for the environment, supporters say, it also produces upwards of 100 times more energy per acre than ethanol.

“It’s a must do, I think, because we’re going to need a lot more solar,” says Mr. Walston. “Current projections are calling for upwards of 10 million acres of solar by 2050 in order to really combat climate change and meet our nation’s clean energy goals.”

And most farmers are open to the idea. As many as 70% are open to large-scale solar projects on their properties, according to the Solar and Storage Industries Institute, as long as they can continue to grow crops.

That’s not to say there aren’t worries among farmers. Some are concerned that installing solar panels will lead to cutting down too many trees. Others are concerned that devoting too much space to agrovoltaics will make it harder for new farmers, who often start out by renting land.

Dual-use solar still makes up a minuscule amount of the solar business, with only 560 dual-use sites for agrivoltaics across the U.S.

But, those who have adopted agrivoltaics remain optimistic.

“Dual-use solar makes a lot of sense on every farm,” Mr. Czajkowski says. “I think you could do some really wonderful things with this.”

Film

‘Emilia Pérez’ breaks genres and bursts into song in a one-of-a-kind movie

“Emilia Pérez” is a feminist musical crime thriller about a transgender cartel boss. Part operetta, part telenovela, it shimmies between the archetypal and the intensely personal, writes Monitor film critic Peter Rainer.

Shanna Besson/PAGE 114 - WHY NOT PRODUCTIONS - PATHÉ FILMS - FRANCE 2 CINÉMA
Karla Sofía Gascón as Emilia Pérez and Adriana Paz as Epifanía in "Emilia Pérez."

‘Emilia Pérez’ breaks genres and bursts into song in a one-of-a-kind movie

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Certain movies are sometimes referred to as genre-breaking but “Emilia Pérez” carries this designation to the wildest extreme. It’s a feminist musical crime thriller about a transgender cartel boss. Doubly surprising is that, for all its strangeness – or perhaps because of it – the mashup often works.

Rita Mora Castro (Zoe Saldaña), a Mexican attorney, is fed up wasting her talent successfully defending crooks and killers. Shortly after her latest victory, she is approached by Manitas Del Monte (Karla Sofía Gascón), a shadowy cartel overlord with a raspy voice and silver-capped teeth. He wants to fake his death so that he can undergo gender-affirming surgery – not to evade justice but to become the woman he has always believed himself to be. If Rita can arrange the disappearance and the surgery – as well as relocating his unknowing “widow” Jessi (Selena Gomez) and their two children to Switzerland – she will be rich. 

Warily, inevitably, she agrees. Her motive in accepting the offer is not solely mercenary. Like Manitas, who will become Emilia Pérez (also played by Gascón), she seeks to radically revise her existence. And yet the criminal she is helping is, or was, among the worst of the worst. Without making it explicit, the movie, co-written and directed by Jacques Audiard, makes it clear her newfound wealth is funded by violence and murder.

The moral quandary setting off “Emilia Pérez” is whether these malefactors are capable of reversing the damage of their lives and becoming exemplary human beings. Rita believes it is possible, which is perhaps one reason she accedes to Manitas’s offer. In one of the more spangly musical numbers, set in a Bangkok hospital, Rita belts out, “Changing the body changes the soul/Changing the soul changes society/Changing society changes everything.” 

Why is this film a musical? One plausible answer is: Why not? The characters unveil their innermost musings and fears in song, ranging from whispers to full-throated arias. Audiard has said that he discovered in writing the movie that it was “closer to an operetta than a film script.” It is also, in many ways, an amped-up telenovela, featuring Rita, Emilia, and Jessi as divas on the march.

Saldaña, Gascón, and Gomez – along with Adriana Paz, who appears late in the movie as the Mexican mother of a son who was “disappeared” by the cartels – jointly won the best actress award at the Cannes film festival. (The film is also France’s Oscar entry for best international feature.) For Gascón, a popular Spanish actor who transitioned in 2018, the award represents the first time Cannes has honored a trans artist. 

It’s a strong performance, as are the others, especially Saldaña’s, with its mix of softness and steel. But what keeps Gascón’s from greatness is that we don’t see enough traces of the vicious cartel leader peeking beneath the reborn exterior. This, no doubt, was an intentional directorial choice. Emilia devotes her newfound life to establishing a foundation that helps the families of the disappeared. It is both her mission and her penance. In this film’s moral universe, it would not do to feature too much backsliding. Changing the body changes the soul. 

The movie also makes it a point to stress Emilia’s love for her children. Years after her transition, with Rita now allied in her cause, Jessi and the kids are brought back to Mexico under the pretext of living with Manitas’s loving “cousin,” a woman they’ve never heard of before. The cousin, of course, is Emilia. This development has its “Mrs. Doubtfire” side, but Audiard doesn’t play it for laughs. Emilia’s yearning for her kids is offered up as a maternal archetype. 

What’s off-putting about “Emilia Pérez,” more so than its musical interludes or its genre swapping, is this shimmying between the archetypal and the intensely personal. The characters pour out their hearts in drama and song, and yet I found it difficult to feel deeply for them. I think this is because they are presented not simply as people but as moral avatars. Come what may, they saw the light and reformed their terrible ways. Mission accomplished. 

It’s a lovely, perhaps necessary sentiment. But as this outlandish, one-of-a-kind movie demonstrates at its best, the world is far more complicated than that.

B+ 

Rated R for language, some violent content, and sexual material. In French, English, and Spanish, with subtitles. Currently in theaters and on Netflix starting Nov. 13.

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The election’s other message

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On Tuesday night, American voters handed Republicans the White House, the Senate, and – it looks likely – the House. That tilt toward one-party rule in Washington hides another political realignment that may be just as consequential. The share of independent voters in this election equaled Republicans and – in a first – surpassed Democrats. The electorate’s changing composition may be why, despite the rancor of campaigning, many people in the country are bending more toward unity and reconciliation.

In his first comments after the election, President Joe Biden said Thursday that “You can’t love your country only when you win. You can’t love your neighbor only when you agree.”

Halfway across the country in South Dakota, that message found an echo. “As we move away from campaign season and back toward government,” said Dusty Johnson, a Republican member of Congress, “let us never forget that this country was not built on anger and fear, it was built on imagination, courage, optimism and freedom.”

In a national reset, the opportunity for reconciliation hangs in the air.

The election’s other message

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Voters wait in line to cast ballots in Scranton, Pa., Nov. 5.

On Tuesday night, American voters handed Republicans the White House, the Senate, and – it looks likely – the House. That tilt toward one-party rule in Washington hides another political realignment that may be just as consequential. According to Edison Research, the share of Independent voters in this election equaled Republicans and – in a first – surpassed Democrats. The electorate’s changing composition may be why, despite the rancor of campaigning, many people in the country are bending more toward unity and reconciliation.

Pause for a moment in Michigan. The state flipped from blue in 2020 to red in 2024, but for local officials in Manistee County, something else seemed to matter more. “We don’t need to hyphenate being American; we’re all Americans,” a Republican member of the County Board of Commissioners told the Manistee News Advocate. “That’s the vision I wish to see realized – a united America rather than a qualified or divided one.”

Judy Cunningham, treasurer of the local Democratic Party, struck a similar note. “In the end, I was relieved that democracy won last night,” she told the newspaper. “We have the opportunity to put our country together and heal the wounds. It’s not about what party wins. It’s about continuing our democracy.”

In Alaska, the election reshuffled what may be one of the United States’ most novel approaches to state government. Bipartisan majorities will control both chambers of the state legislature. In both the House and the Senate, Republicans, Democrats, and independents will share leadership jobs and set rules together for passing bills. “Alaskans have spoken clearly and we will work together, representing residents of all regions,” incoming Speaker Bryce Edgmon, an independent, vowed in a statement.

A similar experiment in shared governing is underway in Oregon. During the campaign season, Gov. Tina Kotek went on a “listening tour” across all 36 counties and nine sovereign tribal nations. Several lawmakers made similar voyages, including all members of a joint legislative committee on transportation – seven Democrats and five Republicans.

“The next step is for members of the committee... to pull together all the information they learned on the tour and create a series of consensus recommendations” for the next legislative session in the new year,” wrote Senate President Rob Wagner in a newsletter.

One place to look for a reset of consensus-based governing in Washington, D.C., is the Senate. The chamber flipped. For the first time in two decades, the incoming Republican majority will choose a new leader. Yet its outgoing boss, Mitch McConnell, marked that transition with a nod to the chamber’s long-standing norm of protecting the minority’s right to be heard. “The filibuster will stand,” he said. 

In his first comments after the election, President Joe Biden said from the White House Garden Thursday that “You can’t love your country only when you win. You can’t love your neighbor only when you agree.” Halfway across the country in South Dakota, that message found an echo. “As we move away from campaign season and back toward government,” said Dusty Johnson, a Republican member of Congress, “let us never forget that this country was not built on anger and fear, it was built on imagination, courage, optimism and freedom.”

In a national reset, the opportunity for reconciliation hangs in the air.

A Christian Science Perspective

About this feature

Each weekday, the Monitor includes one clearly labeled religious article offering spiritual insight on contemporary issues, including the news. The publication – in its various forms – is produced for anyone who cares about the progress of the human endeavor around the world and seeks news reported with compassion, intelligence, and an essentially constructive lens. For many, that caring has religious roots. For many, it does not. The Monitor has always embraced both audiences. The Monitor is owned by a church – The First Church of Christ, Scientist, in Boston – whose founder was concerned with both the state of the world and the quality of available news.

Overcoming illusions

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Knowing the truth of our spiritual existence enables us to conquer discord.

Overcoming illusions

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Today's Christian Science Perspective audio edition

Once, while flying a small aircraft at night and in clouds – which meant that I had no visual reference outside the plane – I became convinced that I was in a steep climb. I recognized this intense feeling as a sensory illusion resulting from spatial disorientation.

During flight training, pilots are taught not to believe or act on the perceptions of the physical senses. They learn to trust instead the information presented by the aircraft’s instruments about the plane’s position and attitude (i.e., how it is oriented in relation to the earth). So that’s what I did when the aircraft suddenly appeared to pitch up steeply. The instruments confirmed that the plane was nearly straight and level, and I trusted that.

Cloudy, rainy conditions continued during the next two hours, and the impulse to respond to false sensory information persisted. My vigilance in monitoring the flight instruments and my unwavering resistance to believing the bodily senses enabled me to avert what could otherwise have been a disastrous outcome.

That experience taught me that an illusion, or error, recognized as such, loses any ability to convince us of its reality when we respond to and act on only what we know to be true because it is reported by a reliable source. Once exposed, the error vanishes from our experience because it was never true.

Christian Science makes clear that whatever is not of God, who is both Spirit and infinite good, is erroneous. Regardless of what appears real to the physical senses, the truth is that all that is real is God and the spiritual and perfect universe of His creating. The Bible records God as saying, “I am the Lord that maketh all things” (Isaiah 44:24). Therefore, no evidence contrary to God’s perfect spiritual creation is ever real.

“Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures” by Mary Baker Eddy, the Discoverer and Founder of Christian Science, explains, “Nothing is real and eternal, – nothing is Spirit, – but God and His idea. Evil has no reality” (p. 71).

Christ Jesus, the master healer, rejected as false whatever appeared as diseased, malfunctioning, or abnormal. His innate spiritual sense – “a conscious, constant capacity to understand God” (Science and Health, p. 209) – enabled him to perceive instead what was true of each individual. In this way, he healed infirmities of all sorts.

No matter what erroneous suggestion the material senses present to us – whether sickness, loss, lack, or trouble of any other kind – God’s loving, omnipotent care in any situation is a present fact that we can trust. No power exists to oppose God’s goodness and harmony. Holding in thought the spiritual facts in relation to the situation exposes as false anything unlike God and His entirely good creation. The illusion’s imagined power to frighten us then disappears.

As we continually seek the truth of God and His creation, we find that eternal Truth is abiding with us – even when the material senses assert Truth’s opposite.

I pondered these concepts and found them helpful in overcoming a respiratory problem that was becoming increasingly challenging. I called a Christian Science practitioner for help and immediately felt uplifted by her loving prayers. The practitioner spoke to me about the need to see through the deception of material sense.

I recalled my experience while flying, when my physical senses were reporting a flight situation that was not real. Similarly, they were now reporting that I was suffering – something that could not be true of God’s creation.

I saw that, just as I had rejected the illusion caused by spatial disorientation, I could refute the deceptive appearance of illness. As God’s image (see Genesis 1:27), I could never reflect anything unlike God. Moreover, I realized that as the expression of God, divine Mind, I could not be tricked or mesmerized into believing that an illusion was real.

When the illness persisted, I held to the truth of God’s allness and perfection and my likeness to Him. The symptoms soon disappeared completely. I saw that at no point was the suggestion that disease is a bodily condition any more real than the belief that my airplane had been in an abnormal flight attitude.

All that has ever been true is God, infinite good, and that which He creates. This means that all reality is wholly pure, life-sustaining, and guided by the infinite wisdom of divine Love. Daily abiding in the consciousness of Truth, we recognize what is true, and illusions lose their power to deceive us.

Adapted from an article published in the Oct. 21, 2024, issue of the Christian Science Sentinel.

Viewfinder

Wheels up

Luca Bruno/AP
A rider performs during a freestyle motocross show at the EICMA exhibition motorcycle fair in Rho, near Milan, Italy, Nov. 7, 2024.
( The illustrations in today’s Monitor Daily are by Jacob Turcotte. )

A look ahead

Thanks for spending part of your Thursday with us. Tomorrow, besides that global perspective story mentioned up top, we’ll look at why some young Germans harbor feelings of nostalgia for aspects of an old East Germany they’re too young to have seen. And we’ll have an encore podcast episode about the importance of true civility as a binding force in society. 

More issues

2024
November
07
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