Researchers believe this species lived only in the Reserva Biologica Monteverde, Costa Rica, in a narrow elevation band between 5,000 and 5,300 feet above sea level. It bred in temporary pools at the beginning of each year's rainy season.
The IUCN listed the golden toads first as critically endangered in 1996, then as extinct in 2004.
In 1988, only eight males and two females could be located, despite extensive searches.
Monteverde's scientist in residence, Dr. Alan Pounds, concluded that increased temperatures caused by global climate change created ideal conditions for the chytrid fungus, which is deadly to amphibians and could have wiped out the golden toad population.